Inxalenye ephambili yedayimani yikhabhoni, eyiminerali eyenziwe ngamacandelo ekhabhoni.I-allotrope yegraphite ene-chemical formula ye-C, ekwangumzimba wokuqala weedayimani eziqhelekileyo.Idayimani yeyona nto inzima ngokwendalo ngokwendalo.Idayimani inemibala eyahlukahlukeneyo, ukusuka kokungenambala ukuya kumnyama.Ziyakwazi ukucaca, ziguquguquke okanye zingabonakali.Uninzi lwedayimani ubukhulu becala butyheli, nto leyo ebangelwa ikakhulu bubumdaka obuqulathwe kwidayimani.Isalathiso se-refractive sedayimane siphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-dispersion kunamandla kakhulu, yiyo loo nto idayimani ibonisa ukukhanya okumibalabala.Idayimane iya kukhupha i-fluorescence eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phantsi kwe-X-ray irradiation.
Iidayimani ngamatye awo okuzalwa, yaye iidayimani kwezinye iindawo zithuthwa ngemilambo nemikhenkce.Idayimani ngokubanzi igranular.Ukuba idayimani ifudunyezwe ukuya kutsho kwi-1000°C, iya kuthi kancinane ijike ibe yigraphite.Ngo-1977, umhlali welali e-Changlin, kwilokishi yaseSushan, kwiLinshu County, kwiPhondo laseShandong, wafumanisa eyona diamond inkulu emhlabeni.Ezona dayimani zinkulu kwimizi-mveliso yehlabathi kunye needayimani zodidi lwegem ziveliswa eMzantsi Afrika, zombini ezingaphaya kwe-3,100 yeekharati (ikharati enye = 200 mg).Iidayimani ze-gem-grade ziyi-10 × 6.5 × 5 cm ngobukhulu kwaye zibizwa ngokuba yi "Cullinan".Ngeminyaka yoo-1950, iUnited States yasebenzisa igraphite njengento ekrwada ukwenza ngempumelelo idayimani zokwenziwa phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo.Ngoku iidayimani zokwenziwa zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimveliso nakubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Ifomula yemichiza yedayimani ngu c.uhlobo lwekristale yedayimani ubukhulu becala octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron, tetrahedron kunye aggregation yabo.Xa kungekho kungcola, akukho mbala kwaye kubonakala.Xa isabela ngeoksijini, iya kuvelisa kwakhona ikharbon diokside, eyeyekhabhoni ye-elemental efanayo negraphite.I-engile yebhondi yekristale yedayimani yi-109 ° 28 ', eneempawu ezibalaseleyo zomzimba ezifana ne-superhard, i-wear-resistant, i-thermal sensitivity, i-thermal conductivity, i-semiconductor kunye nokudluliselwa okude.Kwaziwa ngokuba "ngukumkani wobulukhuni" kunye nokumkani wamatye anqabileyo.I-engile yekristale yedayimani yi-54 degrees 44 imizuzu ye-8 imizuzwana.Ngokwemveli, abantu badla ngokubiza idayimani esetyenziweyo kunye nedayimani engalungiswanga.ETshayina, igama ledayimani lafunyanwa okokuqala kwizibhalo zamaBhuda.Idayimani yeyona nto inzima kwindalo.Owona mbala ungcono awunambala, kodwa kukho imibala ekhethekileyo, efana neblue, purple, gold yellow, etc. Ezi diamonds ezinemibala zinqabile kwaye zibubutyebi kwidayimani.I-Indiya lelona lizwe lidumileyo lokuvelisa idayimani embalini.Ngoku iidayimani ezininzi ezidumileyo kwihlabathi, njenge "ntaba yokukhanya", "Regent" kunye ne "Orlov", zivela eIndiya.Imveliso yedayimani inqabile kakhulu.Ngokuqhelekileyo, idayimani egqityiweyo yibhiliyoni enye yomthamo wemigodi, ngoko ixabiso libiza kakhulu.Emva kokusikwa, iidayimani ziqhelekile ukuba ngqukuva, uxande, isikwere, umbhoxo, ubume bentliziyo, ubume bepere, umnquma otsolo, njalo njalo. Eyona dayimani inzima ehlabathini yi “curinan” eveliswe eMzantsi Afrika ngo-1905. Inobunzima obuyi-3106.3 carats kwaye iye yafumaneka umhlaba ube ziidayimani ezi-9 ezincinci.Omnye wabo, i-curinan 1, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "nkwenkwezi yase-Afrika", isahamba kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi.
Iidayimani zineendlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa.Ngokutsho kokusetyenziswa kwazo, iidayimani zinokwahlulwa ngokwezigaba zibe zimbini: i-gem-grade (decoration) diamonds kunye ne-industrial-grade diamonds.
Iidayimani zomgangatho weGem zisetyenziselwa ubucwebe obufana namakhonkco edayimani, iintsimbi zomqala, amacici, iicorsages, kunye nezinto ezikhethekileyo ezifana nezithsaba kunye neentonga, kunye nokuqokelelwa kwamatye arhabaxa.Ngokwezibalo, ukuthengiselana kwedayimani malunga ne-80% yorhwebo lonyaka lulonke lwezacholo kwihlabathi.
Iidayimani zodidi lwemizi-mveliso ziya zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi nangakumbi, ezinobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokunganyangeki kakuhle kokunxiba, kwaye zinokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukusika, ukugaya, kunye nokugrumba;Umgubo wedayimane usetyenziswa njengesixhobo esine-abrasive ephezulu.
Umzekelo:
1. Ukuvelisa izixhobo ze-resin bond abrasive okanyeizixhobo zokusila, njl.
2. Ukwenziwa kwemvelisoIzixhobo zokuSila zeMetal Diamond, izixhobo ze-ceramic bond abrasive okanye izixhobo zokugaya, njl.
3. Ukuvelisa i-stratum jikelele ye-geological drilling bits, i-semiconductor kunye ne-non-metallic materials cutting processing tools, njl.
4. Ukuvelisa i-hard-stratum geological drill bits, izixhobo zokulungisa kunye nezixhobo ezingezizo zetsimbi eziqinileyo kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa izinto, njl.
5. Iipads zokupholisha ngereyini yedayimani, izixhobo ze-ceramic bond abrasive okanye ukugaya, njl.
6. Izixhobo ze-Metal bond abrasive kunye neemveliso ze-electroplated.Izixhobo zokugaya okanye ukugaya, njl.
7. Izixhobo zokusarha, ukugrumba kunye nokulungisa, njl.
Ukongeza, iye yasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lomkhosi kunye neteknoloji yendawo.
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesayensi kunye nethekhnoloji kunye noshishino lwanamhlanje, ukusetyenziswa kwedayimane kuya kuba banzi kwaye kubanzi, kwaye isixa siya kuba ngaphezulu nangaphezulu.Imithombo yedayimani yendalo inqabile kakhulu.Ukomeleza imveliso kunye nophando lwenzululwazi lwedayimani yokwenziwa iya kuba yinjongo yawo onke amazwe ehlabathi.Nye.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-05-2022